Late Iron Age necropolis of Seminario Vescovile in Verona (Northern Italy, 3rd-1st).

[Moeca]

my fathers results

Distance to: Ponsan_G25_scaled
0.02704778 Illyrian_North
0.03021305 Illyrian_Liburnian-Dalmatae
0.03077490 Celt_Taurisci
0.03120526 Celt_Carni
0.03181742 Illyrian
0.04028842 Illyrian_South
0.04375857 Paeonian-Macedonian
0.04486978 Celt_Central_Europe_Gaulish
0.04539357 Etruscan
0.04750336 Daunian
0.04833837 Latino-Faliscan
0.04940633 Celto-Ligurian
0.05094977 Celt_Gaulish
0.05138490 Getae
0.05302752 Celt_Northern_Gaul
0.05428463 Celt_Southern_Gaul
0.05481925 Celt_Boii
0.05835292 Celtiberian
0.05860088 Celt_Belgae
0.06135917 Iberian
0.06364591 Vascones_placeholder
0.06896315 Celt_Brythonic_Southwest
0.07082823 Celt_Brythonic_West-to-South
0.07137309 Celt_Brythonic_Southeast
0.07326168 Celt_Brythonic_Center-East

[Moeca]

an ancient Liburnian sample from modern island of Krk Croatia

Distance to: Liburnian_G25_scaled
0.01351868 Illyrian_Liburnian-Dalmatae
0.01705454 Illyrian_North
0.01824559 Illyrian
0.02281084 Celt_Carni
0.02458286 Celt_Taurisci
0.02914896 Illyrian_South
0.03116871 Paeonian-Macedonian
0.03724392 Getae
0.03917974 Etruscan
0.04153341 Latino-Faliscan
0.04182435 Celt_Central_Europe_Gaulish
0.04476668 Daunian
0.04530686 Celto-Ligurian
0.04768426 Celt_Gaulish
0.05025090 Celt_Southern_Gaul
0.05088622 Celt_Northern_Gaul
0.05277449 Celt_Boii
0.05607407 Celt_Belgae
0.05700583 Celtiberian
0.05890666 Iberian
0.06229882 Vascones_placeholder
0.06720330 Celt_Brythonic_Southwest
0.06848102 Celt_Brythonic_West-to-South
0.06924066 Celt_Brythonic_Southeast
0.07001892 Thracian

[RBHeadge]

Has anyone had a chance to run 3277 or 2894?

[Ajeje Brazorf]

Here's the dataset.

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1...sp=sharing

Code:

SampleName    TotalSites    NonMissingCalls
3196    1233013    1141372
3206    1233013    999051
3210    1233013    1032334
3210    1233013    32361
3212    1233013    8918
3214    1233013    1174849
3217    1233013    1113396
3220    1233013    1192054
3225    1233013    1009158
3227    1233013    1133132
3232    1233013    52617
3265    1233013    1049615
3267    1233013    1135943
3267    1233013    1128329
3287    1233013    71983
3298    1233013    1192612
3308    1233013    925172
3779    1233013    294922

Thanks! Is this all the samples? I forwarded this file to Davidski and he produced these coordinates.

Scaled

Code:

undefined:3196,0.127482,0.151314,0.051666,-0.010013,0.058472,0,-0.00282,0.008077,0.016771,0.037541,-0.001624,0.004046,-0.020515,-0.012799,0.005565,0.00411,0.004042,-0.00038,0.003897,-0.006128,0.002121,0.007048,-0.007395,0.005061,0.00479
undefined:3206,0.118376,0.147252,0.049403,0.012274,0.04924,0.000837,-0.00282,0.001846,0.019225,0.033714,-0.00065,0.001499,-0.02334,-0.009771,0.010043,-0.001724,-0.000391,0.003294,0.00817,-0.004252,-0.00574,-0.002968,0.001479,-0.003012,-0.003113
undefined:3210,0.126344,0.145221,0.053928,0.02261,0.036007,0.00753,0.003525,0.006923,0.010635,0.018406,-0.003248,0.009891,-0.012487,-0.008533,0.003393,0.001458,0.001695,0.007601,0.006159,-0.007879,0.000624,0.00136,0.000616,0.004579,-0.005508
undefined:3214,0.133173,0.141159,0.046009,0.007429,0.053548,0.004741,-0.002585,0.003461,0.015748,0.029158,0.001786,0.006145,-0.017096,-0.003853,-0.000407,0.002917,0.004694,0.004307,0.006034,0.001,-0.003868,-0.000495,-0.000246,-0.003494,0.001796
undefined:3217,0.119514,0.151314,0.046763,0.001615,0.054472,-0.000558,-0.00329,0.004384,0.017385,0.036629,-0.004384,0.005245,-0.013825,-0.009771,-0.006515,-0.007955,-0.001173,0.0019,0.002011,-0.006628,-0.003369,0.003339,0.001232,-0.007591,-0.002515
undefined:3220,0.122929,0.15436,0.043369,-0.011305,0.047086,-0.01255,-0.0047,-0.006923,0.025156,0.042461,-0.00747,0.005995,-0.020812,0,0.009229,-0.007558,-0.012778,-0.002534,0.008422,-0.001376,-0.006988,0.000742,-0.003697,-0.001566,0.001916
undefined:3225,0.114961,0.146236,0.047517,0.010659,0.044316,-0.000279,-0.00799,-0.007615,0.02168,0.026971,-0.000974,0.012139,-0.022002,-0.007707,0.008822,-0.011005,-0.007953,0.002914,0.006913,-0.003877,0.002496,0.004822,-0.007888,0.003494,-0.002994
undefined:3227,0.134311,0.151314,0.043746,-0.002261,0.049855,-0.008367,0,0.001615,0.030474,0.036812,-0.003085,0.005695,-0.019029,0.002064,0.004479,0.00358,-0.000652,0.007855,0.013324,-0.000375,0.001747,0.00371,-0.006779,-0.006266,0.001916
undefined:3265,0.127482,0.145221,0.041483,-0.016796,0.048624,-0.013108,-0.00564,-0.001846,0.026588,0.043008,-0.003085,0.010191,-0.023042,-0.013074,-0.0038,0.001193,0.022426,-0.002407,0.000126,-0.004252,-0.000374,0.001237,-0.01023,0.001084,-0.005987
undefined:3267,0.146832,0.140143,0.051288,0.010013,0.037853,0.008088,-0.00611,0.004615,0.01718,0.027882,-0.008119,0.008692,-0.019623,-0.010735,0.006107,0.016309,0.01708,0.006968,0.005531,0.003377,-0.001872,0.003957,-0.007518,-0.001084,-0.002754
undefined:3298,0.122929,0.150298,0.04978,0.016473,0.043393,-0.006136,-0.004465,0.004384,0.019839,0.035718,0.002436,0.003447,-0.010109,-0.00523,-0.000136,0.00411,0.000782,0.004561,0.006159,0.00075,-0.000499,-0.000742,-0.005176,-0.005543,-0.000718
undefined:3308,0.126344,0.146236,0.057322,0.025517,0.0397,0.004462,0.00047,0.006923,0.015748,0.01549,-0.005521,0.005395,-0.009366,-0.008945,0.010043,0.002519,0,0.008235,0.00352,-0.004877,-0.000374,-0.001113,-0.002465,0.00482,-0.010897
undefined:3779,0.122929,0.149283,0.053551,0.00323,0.054164,-0.015618,0.00329,0.012461,0.02986,0.037723,-0.00065,0.014237,-0.025718,-0.017203,0.003122,0.00716,0.020861,0.005068,0.00264,-0.012256,-0.002371,0.013231,0.010599,-0.016629,-0.00012

Raw

Code:

undefined:3196,0.0112,0.0149,0.0137,-0.0031,0.019,0,-0.0012,0.0035,0.0082,0.0206,-0.001,0.0027,-0.0138,-0.0093,0.0041,0.0031,0.0031,-0.0003,0.0031,-0.0049,0.0017,0.0057,-0.006,0.0042,0.004
undefined:3206,0.0104,0.0145,0.0131,0.0038,0.016,0.0003,-0.0012,0.0008,0.0094,0.0185,-0.0004,0.001,-0.0157,-0.0071,0.0074,-0.0013,-0.0003,0.0026,0.0065,-0.0034,-0.0046,-0.0024,0.0012,-0.0025,-0.0026
undefined:3210,0.0111,0.0143,0.0143,0.007,0.0117,0.0027,0.0015,0.003,0.0052,0.0101,-0.002,0.0066,-0.0084,-0.0062,0.0025,0.0011,0.0013,0.006,0.0049,-0.0063,0.0005,0.0011,0.0005,0.0038,-0.0046
undefined:3214,0.0117,0.0139,0.0122,0.0023,0.0174,0.0017,-0.0011,0.0015,0.0077,0.016,0.0011,0.0041,-0.0115,-0.0028,-0.0003,0.0022,0.0036,0.0034,0.0048,0.0008,-0.0031,-0.0004,-0.0002,-0.0029,0.0015
undefined:3217,0.0105,0.0149,0.0124,0.0005,0.0177,-0.0002,-0.0014,0.0019,0.0085,0.0201,-0.0027,0.0035,-0.0093,-0.0071,-0.0048,-0.006,-0.0009,0.0015,0.0016,-0.0053,-0.0027,0.0027,0.001,-0.0063,-0.0021
undefined:3220,0.0108,0.0152,0.0115,-0.0035,0.0153,-0.0045,-0.002,-0.003,0.0123,0.0233,-0.0046,0.004,-0.014,0,0.0068,-0.0057,-0.0098,-0.002,0.0067,-0.0011,-0.0056,0.0006,-0.003,-0.0013,0.0016
undefined:3225,0.0101,0.0144,0.0126,0.0033,0.0144,-0.0001,-0.0034,-0.0033,0.0106,0.0148,-0.0006,0.0081,-0.0148,-0.0056,0.0065,-0.0083,-0.0061,0.0023,0.0055,-0.0031,0.002,0.0039,-0.0064,0.0029,-0.0025
undefined:3227,0.0118,0.0149,0.0116,-0.0007,0.0162,-0.003,0,0.0007,0.0149,0.0202,-0.0019,0.0038,-0.0128,0.0015,0.0033,0.0027,-0.0005,0.0062,0.0106,-0.0003,0.0014,0.003,-0.0055,-0.0052,0.0016
undefined:3265,0.0112,0.0143,0.011,-0.0052,0.0158,-0.0047,-0.0024,-0.0008,0.013,0.0236,-0.0019,0.0068,-0.0155,-0.0095,-0.0028,0.0009,0.0172,-0.0019,0.0001,-0.0034,-0.0003,0.001,-0.0083,0.0009,-0.005
undefined:3267,0.0129,0.0138,0.0136,0.0031,0.0123,0.0029,-0.0026,0.002,0.0084,0.0153,-0.005,0.0058,-0.0132,-0.0078,0.0045,0.0123,0.0131,0.0055,0.0044,0.0027,-0.0015,0.0032,-0.0061,-0.0009,-0.0023
undefined:3298,0.0108,0.0148,0.0132,0.0051,0.0141,-0.0022,-0.0019,0.0019,0.0097,0.0196,0.0015,0.0023,-0.0068,-0.0038,-0.0001,0.0031,0.0006,0.0036,0.0049,0.0006,-0.0004,-0.0006,-0.0042,-0.0046,-0.0006
undefined:3308,0.0111,0.0144,0.0152,0.0079,0.0129,0.0016,0.0002,0.003,0.0077,0.0085,-0.0034,0.0036,-0.0063,-0.0065,0.0074,0.0019,0,0.0065,0.0028,-0.0039,-0.0003,-0.0009,-0.002,0.004,-0.0091
undefined:3779,0.0108,0.0147,0.0142,0.001,0.0176,-0.0056,0.0014,0.0054,0.0146,0.0207,-0.0004,0.0095,-0.0173,-0.0125,0.0023,0.0054,0.016,0.004,0.0021,-0.0098,-0.0019,0.0107,0.0086,-0.0138,-0.0001

[Ajeje Brazorf]

imgur.com/0BhyTNe.png

[teepean]

Thanks! Is this all the samples? I forwarded this file to Davidski and he produced these coordinates.

That is all of them. If there are any missing G25 results it means the quality was too low.

[Stefano]

Thank you Ajeje.
Now we can speculate whether they are all variation of Cisalpine Gauls or if there are outliers (to me they all seem to fall on a cline between proper Gauls and a high EEF population, maybe Rhaetian), and in what part are modern North Italian descended from them.

[Andour]

Thank you Ajeje.
Now we can speculate whether they are all variation of Cisalpine Gauls or if there are outliers (to me they all seem to fall on a cline between proper Gauls and a high EEF population, maybe Rhaetian), and in what part are modern North Italian descended from them.

Do we have any idea how much WHG ancient Rhaetians had?

These cisalpine Gauls are rather WHG-rich, which makes them look more Iberian than anything (even partly) Italian.

[Andour]

Cisalpine Gauls with IA French groups, South German Celtic, and modern Veneto.

[Stefano]

Of course north italians are not 100% of those samples, but if you look at the pca they are between them and imperial roman. 
In prealpine areas WHG is not so low

Target: Bellinzona
Distance: 0.0357% / 0.03567738
56.8 TUR_Barcin_N
32.8 Yamnaya_RUS_Samara
9.7 WHG
0.7 MAR_Taforalt

Target: Ticino(N=2)
Distance: 0.0286% / 0.02858976
56.6 TUR_Barcin_N
33.8 Yamnaya_RUS_Samara
9.1 WHG
0.5 MAR_Taforalt

Target: Como
Distance: 0.0328% / 0.03280145
57.3 TUR_Barcin_N
33.9 Yamnaya_RUS_Samara
8.8 WHG

Target: Sondrio
Distance: 0.0348% / 0.03482005
60.3 TUR_Barcin_N
29.6 Yamnaya_RUS_Samara
9.2 WHG
0.9 MAR_Taforalt

[Cascio]

The slight presence of MAR_Taforalt is interesting.

3 of the 4 Pre-Alpine Italian local samples above have a slightly higher Yamnaya contribution than the undefined, possibly Cisalpine Gaul samples' average of 30.9pc.

[alexfritz]

comparing the "Cisalpine Gauls" with ancient inds.

Show Content

Spoiler

there is a good number of matching with Etruscans ie IA_C. Italy and the rest mostly with Celts from east of the Alps; smth like this was prev suspected that the invasion of the LaTene Celts actually came from east of the Alps rather than west of the Alps (Bellenus worship etc.)

ofcourse this is a fringe site that might not cover the actual IA_N. Italy but not unimportant either as there is an upcoming paper dealing with Roman N. Italy imperial period; quantifying the Roman N. Italians as 75% 'local population' and 25% Near East influx which could also check out as just 50% 'local' and 50% C. Italy Roman (proportionwise cf C. Italy Romans); but it will also depend what the new paper will feature as the 'local population' ie more Etruscan like or more Slovakia LaTene like

abstract new paper

Show Content

Spoiler
The Genetic Legacy of the Roman Imperial Rule in northern Italy

Speaker: Orhan Efe Yavuz
University of Tübingen, Germany
Co-authors: Ella Reiter1, Zita Laffranchi2, Irene Dori3, Brunella Bruno4, Giulia Pelucchini4, Maria
Giovanna Belcastro5, Marco Milella2, Cosimo Posth1

1 University of Tübingen, Germany
2 University of Bern, Switzerland
3 Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy
4 Soprintendenza archeologia, belle arti e paesaggio per le province di Verona, Rovigo e Vicenza, Italy
5 Alma Mater Studiorum Universita' di Bologna, Italy

During the Roman Imperial period, the extension of Mare Nostrum to the entire Mediterranean Sea allowed Rome to strengthen its cultural, political, and economic hegemony over the surrounding provinces. The tightened interaction with the east brought many migrants to the Empire’s capital. Supporting these historical accounts, a genomic time-transect in the city of Rome clearly documented a shift in genetic ancestry towards eastern Mediterranean populations during the Imperial period. A following study expanded on this finding by showing that the shift was not unique to Rome but also affected the central Italian region of Etruria. However, how much further north along the Italian peninsula this incoming ancestry spread remains to be addressed. Here, we generated genome-wide data of 32 individuals from six sites in northern Italy archaeologically dated to the Imperial period. Principal Component Analysis reveals that all individuals fall on an admixture cline stretching from the placement of preceding Iron Age groups towards modern-day Near Easterners. While this trend mirrors the results obtained for the city of Rome and Etruria, the proportion of eastern Mediterranean ancestry varies considerably. Most of the newly studied individuals derive three-quarters of their genetic profile from the local population and one-quarter from contemporaneous groups in the Near East. However, the latter contribution is around half of what was observed for central Italy at the same time. Compared to present-day northern Italians, we could then model an additional 20% gene flow from northern European ancestries, possibly influenced by migrations into Italy during the Early Middle Ages. To conclude, while northern European ancestries left a similar genetic imprint into present-day populations from central and northern Italy, the demographic shift connected with the Roman Empire was diluted moving northward, but its genetic legacy still survives until today.

[cheshire]

Thanks to Stefano, teepan, Davidski and Ajeje Brazorf for all their work converting and sharing these samples! We waited for cisalpine gaul samples for years
They're just what I expected them to be, an intermediate between SE Gauls, Etruscans and Carniola Celts

Target: Celtic_Cisalpine_(ITA_Verona_LIA)
Distance: 1.0787% / 0.01078729
43.0 Celtic_Gaul_Southeast
34.2 Celtic_Carni
22.8 Etruscan

Iron Age


Modern


Iron Age PCA



It's the piece I was waiting for to "complete" my Iron Age 400BC-ish heatmap





Might as well update my 400bc calculator and share with you guys.

Target: Italian_Veneto
Distance: 0.9976% / 0.00997596
58.6 Celtic_Cisalpine
24.2 Phrygian*
13.2 Germanic
4.0 Rhaetian

Target: Italian_Trentino-Alto_Adige
Distance: 0.8499% / 0.00849903
60.6 Celtic_Cisalpine
19.2 Phrygian
11.2 Germanic
9.0 Rhaetian

Target: Italian_Emilia_Parma-Piacenza
Distance: 1.2888% / 0.01288750
56.2 Celtic_Cisalpine
34.8 Phrygian
9.0 Germanic

Target: Italian_Lombardy
Distance: 1.3053% / 0.01305272
69.4 Celtic_Cisalpine
27.6 Phrygian
3.0 Germanic

Target: Italian_Lombardy_Val_Seriana
Distance: 1.0880% / 0.01088038
63.0 Celtic_Cisalpine
22.2 Phrygian
12.8 Rhaetian
2.0 Germanic

Target: Italian_Piedmont_Val_Borbera
Distance: 0.9651% / 0.00965054
56.4 Celtic_Cisalpine
33.6 Phrygian
10.0 Germanic

Target: Italian_Piedmont
Distance: 1.3209% / 0.01320901
56.8 Celtic_Cisalpine
27.0 Phrygian
16.2 Germanic

*Phrygian is just a placeholder for Anatolian input

Lombardy (lowlanders) seems to have preserved Cisalpine Celtic DNA the most in northern Italy. Already suspected that due to their high EEF compared to their neighbors, while at the same time not having preserved WHG as the highlanders from the Orobian alps (they score excess Rhaetian).

The complete Iron Age spreadsheet can be found here.

[Andour]

Some of you guys apparently have G25 coords for ancient Rhaetians. I seem to have missed out on some study or thread...

Would you be kind enough to post whatever Rhaetian G25 coords you have, or anything BA or IA in that area if it exists ? (A link to a study and/or info on place and time would be appreciated). Thanks in advance.

[cheshire]

Some of you guys apparently have G25 coords for ancient Rhaetians. I seem to have missed out on some study or thread...

Would you be kind enough to post whatever Rhaetian G25 coords you have, or anything BA or IA in that area if it exists ? (A link to a study and/or info on place and time would be appreciated). Thanks in advance.

I can't guarantee you they're Rhaetian, but both samples are from Rhaetian-speaking areas (Vennones) and plot very near each other. I use them for my heatmaps and calculators.

Code:

Rhaetian:CHE_IA:SX18__BC_82__Cov_52.40%,0.125205,0.153345,0.050534,-0.003876,0.049548,-0.005578,0.0047,-0.002077,0.014726,0.033896,0.001786,0.016335,-0.016353,-0.008945,0.001764,-0.001591,0.009518,0.001647,0.002514,-0.006128,0.005241,0.005688,-0.012078,-0.004338,0.000958
Rhaetian:DEU_Roman:FN_2__AD_300__Cov_91.96%,0.117238,0.151314,0.045254,0.000323,0.052317,0.001952,0.0047,-0.006,0.01943,0.028064,-0.002436,0.004946,-0.017393,-0.013212,-0.004614,0.00411,0.009388,0.006334,-0.000377,0.0005,0.000624,0.001484,-0.000616,-0.00735,-0.001796